Izisefo zamangqamuzanaziyizinto ezibalulekile zokuhlukaniswa kwegesi kanye noketshezi kanye nokuhlanzwa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Zingama-crystalline metalloaluminosilicates anezimbotshana ezifanayo ezikhanga ama-molecule asuselwa kusayizi nokuma kwawo. Iinqubo yokukhiqiza ama-sieve e-molecularkuhilela izinyathelo eziningana eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinobukhulu obuthile be-pore kanye nezakhiwo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezisefo zamangqamuzana kuqala ngokukhethwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, okuhlanganisa i-sodium silicate, i-alumina namanzi. Lezi zinto zixubene ngezilinganiso ezinembile ukuze zenze ijeli ye-homogeneous, esuke ingaphansi kwenqubo ye-hydrothermal synthesis. Kulesi sinyathelo, ijeli iyashiswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu lapho kukhona izinto ze-alkali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sekristalu esinama-pores afanayo.
Isigaba esilandelayo esibalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion, okubandakanya ukufaka esikhundleni se-sodium ion esakhiweni sekristalu namanye ama-cations afana ne-calcium, i-potassium noma i-magnesium. Le nqubo yokushintshanisa i-ion ibalulekile ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwezisefo zamangqamuzana, okuhlanganisa amandla e-adsorption nokukhetha. Uhlobo lwe-cation olusetshenziselwa ukushintshanisa i-ion luncike ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza lwesisefo samangqamuzana.
Ngemuva kokushintshaniswa kwe-ion, izisefo zamangqamuzana zingena uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuwasha nokomisa ukususa noma yikuphi ukungcola namakhemikhali ayinsalela enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka ezidingekayo ezisetshenziswa zezimboni. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokuwasha nokomisa isiqediwe, ama-sieve ama-molecular abalwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze azinzise isakhiwo se-crystal futhi asuse noma yiziphi izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezisele.
Isinyathelo sokugcina senqubo yokukhiqiza sifaka ukusebenzisa izisefo zamangqamuzana ukuzilungiselela izicelo ze-adsorption. Le nqubo yokwenza kusebenze ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukushisisa i-isisefo se-molecularemazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kususwe umswakama futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zayo ze-adsorption. Ubude nokushisa kwenqubo yokuvula kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuzuzwe usayizi we-pore oyifunayo nendawo engaphezulu yesisefo samangqamuzana.
Izisefo zamangqamuzana zitholakala ngosayizi abahlukene bezimbotshana, okuhlanganisa i-3A, 4A kanye ne-5A, ngayinye ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo,3Izisefo ze-molecularzivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kwamagesi noketshezi, kuyilapho4A kanye no-5A izisefo ze-molecularzikhethwa ngokukhangisa ama-molecule amakhulu futhi zisuse ukungcola okunjengamanzi nesikhutha.
Kafushane, ukwenziwa kwezisefo zamangqamuzana kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi neyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hydrothermal, ukushintshanisa ama-ion, ukuwasha, ukomisa, ukubala, kanye nokwenza kusebenze. Lezi zinyathelo zilawulwa ngokucophelela ukukhiqizaama-molecular sievesenezakhiwo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nosayizi we-pore ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zezimboni ezifana ne-petrochemical, imithi kanye nokucubungula igesi yemvelo. Ikhwalithi ephezuluama-molecular sieves akhiqizwangabakhiqizi abahloniphekile badlala indima ebalulekile ekuzuzeni izinqubo eziphumelelayo zokuhlukanisa nokuhlanza ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-19-2024