Kuyini Ukubuyiselwa KweSulfur?
Ukubuyiselwa kwesibabulekuyinqubo ebucayi embonini yokuhluza i-petroleum, okuhloswe ngayo ukususa izinhlanganisela zesulfure kuwoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokuphuma kwawo. Le nqubo ibalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemithetho yezemvelo kanye nokukhiqiza izinto zokubasa ezihlanzekile. Izinhlanganisela zesulfure, uma zingasusiwe, zingaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-sulfur dioxide (SO₂) ngesikhathi sokusha, okunomthelela ekungcoleni komoya kanye nemvula ene-asidi. Inqubo yokubuyisela isibabule ngokuvamile ihilela ukuguqula i-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), i-byproduct yokucwenga, ibe yi-elemental sulphur noma i-sulfuric acid.
Enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuthiukuvuselelwa kwesibabuleinqubo kaClaus, ehlanganisa uchungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali okuguqula i-H₂S ibe isibabule esiyisisekelo. Inqubo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izigaba ezishisayo kanye ne-catalytic, lapho i-H₂S iqala ngokufakwa i-oxidized ku-sulphur dioxide (SO₂) bese isabela nge-H₂S eyengeziwe ukuze ikhiqize isulfure namanzi. Ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo kaClaus kungathuthukiswa ngokuyihlanganisa nobunye ubuchwepheshe, njengamayunithi okwelapha igesi yomsila, ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga aphezulu okubuyisela isibabule.
I-PR-100 kanye Nendima Yayo Ekubuyiseni Isibabule
I-PR-100 iyi-catalyst yokuphathelene esetshenziswa enqubweni yokubuyisela isibabule. Idizayinelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yeClaus ngokuthuthukisa amazinga okuguqulwa kwe-H₂S kuya ku-elemental sulphur. II-PR-100 catalystiyaziwa ngomsebenzi wayo ophezulu nokuzinza, okuvumela ukusebenza okungcono kumayunithi wokubuyisela isulfure. Ngokusebenzisa i-PR-100, izindawo zokuhluza zingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okubuyisela isibabule, zinciphise ukungcola, futhi zihambisane nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo.
I-PR-100 catalyst isebenza ngokunikeza indawo ekahle yokusabela kwamakhemikhali okuhilelekile kunqubo yeClaus. Isiza ukukhishwa kwe-H₂S ku-SO₂ kanye nokusabela okulandelayo kwe-SO₂ nge-H₂S ukwenza isulfure. Indawo ephezulu ye-catalyst namasayithi asebenzayo aqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kusabela kwenzeka kahle, ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokutholwa kwesibabule kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenqubo.
I-CCR Reforming for Gasoline Production
I-Continuous Catalytic Reforming (CCR) iyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni uphethiloli we-octane ephezulu. Kubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwe-low-octane naphtha ibe i-high-octane reformate, okuyingxenye ebalulekile kaphethiloli. Inqubo ye-CCR isebenzisa i-catalyst esekelwe ku-platinum ukuze yenze lula ukukhishwa kwe-hydrogen, isomerization, kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili kwama-hydrocarbons, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi ezikhuphula izinga le-octane likaphethiloli.
Inqubo ye-CCR iyaqhubeka, okusho ukuthi i-catalyst ivuselelwa endaweni, okuvumela ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokususa ngokuqhubekayo i-catalyst esetshenzisiwe, ukuyivuselela kabusha ngokushisa amadiphozithi e-coke, bese iphinde ifakwe ku-reactor. Imvelo eqhubekayo yenqubo ye-CCR iqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kwe-high-octane reformate, ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo sikaphethiloli wezinga eliphezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokubuyiswa kwesibabule kanyeUkushintsha kwe-CCR
Ukuhlanganiswa kokutholakala kwesibabule kanye nezinqubo zokuguqula i-CCR kubalulekile ezindaweni zokuhluza zesimanje. Inqubo yokubuyisela isibabule iqinisekisa ukuthi i-H₂S ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokucwengwa iguqulwa ngokuphumelelayo ibe yi-elemental sulphur, inciphisa ukukhishwa nomthelela wemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo yokulungisa i-CCR ithuthukisa izinga likaphethiloli ngokwandisa isilinganiso sayo se-octane.
Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinqubo, abacwengi bangafinyelela kokubili ukuthobela imvelo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-catalysts ethuthukisiwe njengeI-PR-100ekubuyiseleni isulfure kanye nama-catalyst asekelwe kwi-platinum ekuguquleni i-CCR kuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinqubo zisebenza kahle futhi ziyasebenza. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa akusizi nje kuphela izindawo zokuhluza ukuthi zihlangabezane nezidingo zokulawula kodwa futhi kuzenza zikwazi ukukhiqiza amafutha ekhwalithi ephezulu ahlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe.
Sengiphetha, ukutholwa kwesibabule kuyinqubo ebalulekile embonini yokuhluza i-petroleum, okuhloswe ngayo ukususa izinhlanganisela zesulfure kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-catalysts ethuthukisiwe njengeI-PR-100kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokubuyisela isibabule. Ngaphezu kwalokho,Ukushintsha kwe-CCRidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni uphethiloli we-octane ephezulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinqubo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokuhluza zingafinyelela kukho kokubili ukuthobela imvelo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kube nomthelela endaweni ehlanzekile nesebenza kahle kakhudlwana yamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-20-2024